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ALVT (Assault Landing Vehicle, Tracked)

Inspired by Atlantean designs (but using only 1942 Earth technology), the ALVT was intended to provide significant fire support to the first troops to come ashore during an amphibious operation. Rather unusually, it was designed specifically for the USMC, who normally got rejects or left-overs from the Army and Navy.

The armor was superior to that of the LVT(A) (p.W:DF89) and M-3 halftracks (p.W.109), but poor compared to even light tanks. It did have impressive firepower: a 105mm howitzer to deal with dug-in troops and fortifications, a 20mm cannon to handle vehicles (later replaced with a flamethrower) and three machineguns. Initially it was planned to only carry a nine-man squad but the Marines objected and the vehicle was enlarged to carry a full thirteen-man unit (the larger size actually improved sea-keeping, which is still poor).

The ALVT was never intended to replace the cheaper LVT, only to augment it. Each Marine division was equipped with an ALVT battalion of 46 vehicles (with 14 per company and 4 per platoon). When used, they were in the first wave of any major Marine amphibious operations. A total of 329 were operated by the six Marine divisions from January 1943 through the end of the war (including replacements to cover losses and those retired for training).

The vehicle also carries four M-1 carbines, eight fragmentation grenades and four smoke grenades for the crew. Additionally, the bow MG can easily be removed and placed on a tripod if required.

The ALVT-1 has a crew of four. The commander sits in the turret and mans the open-mount A/A machine gun. The gunner and loader/radio operator are split between the turret and body; the gunner fires the howitzer, autocannon and coaxial machinegun. The driver is in the hull, to the left (with the engine and fuel tank to his right) and fires the bow MG (which is in a fixed mount). Thirteen troops are carried and exit either via two roof hatches or a rear drop ramp. The gunner and loader manually traverse the turret at 4.5 degrees per second. The ALVT-1 uses 8.3 gallons per hour at routine usage.

Subassemblies: Waterproofed Immense Tank chassis with mild slope +4, full-rotation Medium AFV turret with mild slope [Body:T] +3, full-rotation Mini Weapon open mount [Tur:T] +0, amphibious tracks +3.
Powertrain: 186-kW diesel engine w/ 186-kW tracked drive train and 54 gallons fuel in self-sealing fuel tank [body]; 8,000-kWs batteries.
Occupancy: 1 CS Body, 2 CS Body/Turret, 1 CS Turret, 13 PS Body  Cargo: 2.5 Body.

Armor
Body/Turret: F 5/45, 4/30 other
Tracks: 4/28

Weaponry
105mm Short Howitzer/M-2A1 [Turret:F] (48).
20mm Long Ground AC/M-2 [Turret:F] (450).
Ground LMG/M-1919A4 [Tur:F] (3,000).
Ground LMG/M-1919A4 [Body:F] (2,500).
Very Long Ground HMG/M-2HB [Mini:F] (400).

Equipment
Body: Fire extinguisher, medium radio receiver and transmitter. Turret: 6 smoke dischargers.

Statistics

HT: 11
HP: 1300 [Body], 112 [Turret], 450 [Each Track], 30 [Open Mount]
 

Floatation: 18.8 tons

Design Notes
The cost, weight and HPs of the chassis and turret were divided by two. Track DR was also divided by two.

The 105mm was normally provided with 40 HE and 8 WP shhells. The 20mm autocannon normally used API ammo.

Variants
The Army, in anticipation of the coming invasion of Fortress Europe, ordered 500. The first 100 were the same as the Marine version, to speed delivery. By late 1943 these had been removed from front-line use and were transferred to training units.

The Army was unhappy with several aspects of the design, however, and changes were made to create the ALVT-2 (1944). The next 400 differed in having the diesel engine replaced with two linked 95-kW gasoline engines (as used in the M-3 halftrack).  Additionally, the tracks were replaced with a more standard design, giving a speed of 48 mph on land and 4 mph on water (as these vehicles were primarily used on land and for river crossings, this was not a large decrease in capabilities). Finally, and most drastically, the armament was reduced as the Army considered it excessive;.the 105mm howitzer was replaced with a 75mm howitzer (75mm Short TG) with 96 rounds and the 20mm AC was simply removed. Hydraulic traverse (1-kW) was added, good for 13.5 degrees per second. Cargo is 7.5 VSP. Cost was $11,700 and weight 17.6 tons.

Most of the Marine vehicles replaced the 20mm cannon with a more useful flamethrower (Medium Vehicle FT with 15 shots) as the war went along; this was much rarer in those operated by the Army. These were designated ALVT(F)-1 or -2.

There were also some field tests of ALVT-1's replacing the 20mm cannon with a 37mm anti-tank gun. Only a few vehicles were modified and it was not found to be very useful (in particular, it cut into the limited ammo for the howitzer)..

The British received 16 ALVT-1's and 49 ALVT-2's through Lend-Lease. They replaced the 105mm howitzer with a 25 pounder (56 shells) and kept the 20mm cannon. The ALVT-1's were operated in Greece and the ALVT-2's in Burma.